We are currently stocking a wide variety of Japanese Koi at our shop near Burford, Oxfordshire on the A424, for more information on what koi we have to offer please look at our koi page.
We also stock a variety of different filters, media, food, treatments and more. For more information on this please look at our shop or if you can’t find what you’re looking for feel free to give us a call and will try our hardest to find the required product and offer you any advice needed.
Open by appointment only
Weekend and evening appointments now available, please use are online booking system to book an appointment.
Book Here now!
Popular Products
PVC Imperial Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
PVC Imperial Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
Pressure Pipe 90 Degree Bends should be used in conjunction with PVC Pressure Pipework. These 90 Degree Bends/Elbows are used to join 2 same diameter pieces of PVC Pressure Pipe together at a 90 degree angle. Imperial Pressure Pipework and fittings are strong and durable and will provide a permanent connection when secured with Solvent Cement. These items are available in 6 different sizes 4″, 3″, 2″ ,1.5″,1.25″ and 1″.
4″ Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
- Overall Height 190mm
- Overall Width 135mm
3″ Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
- Overall Height 150mm
- Overall Width 105mm
2″ Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
- Overall Height 110mm
- Overall Width 75mm
1.5″ Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
- Overall Height 90mm
- Overall Width 60mm
1.25″ Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
- Overall Height 75mm
- Overall Width 48mm
1″ Pressure Pipe 90 Elbow
- Overall length 60mm
- Overall Width 42mm
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- Metric Pressure Pipe
- Imperial Pressure Pipe
- Black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
Flexible Straight Connectors
Flexible Straight Connectors
These Flexible Straight Connectors are used by professionals nationwide. These high quality Flexible Straight Connectors are made of tough elastomeric polyvinyl chloride which makes them strong and resilient. They are also resistant to chemicals, ultraviolet rays, and fungus growth due to the specially formulated properties of the material.
These Flexible Straight Connectors are supplied with 300 series stainless steel clamps, which are corrosion resistant and rustproof. Additional band slots have been added for greater flexibility and the clamps are specially designed for greater sealing efficiency. These couplings adapt to different types of pipe; cast iron, plastic, copper, steel or lead to cast iron, plastic, copper, steel or lead. Installs easily with a screwdriver, nut driver, or socket wrench. No special tools needed!
4″ Flexible Straight Connector
- External diameter 130mm
- Internal diameter 115mm
- Overall length 100mm
3″ Flexible Straight Connector
- External diameter 100mm
- Internal diameter 87mm
- Overall length 100mm
2″ Flexible Straight Connector
- External diameter 70mm
- Internal diameter 60mm
- Overall length 85mm
1.5″ Flexible Straight Connector
- External diameter 60mm
- Internal diameter 48mm
- Overall length 90mm
1.25″ Flexible Straight Connector
- External diameter 50mm
- Internal diameter 40mm
- Overall length 90mm
Benefits:
- For sewer, drain, waste, and vent piping.
- Positively seals any drain connection.
- Rustproof stainless steel clamps.
- Fast and easy installation.
Flexible Spiral Hoses (Black)
Flexible Spiral Hoses
- Easy to lay out thanks to the flexible, UV-resistant material
- Excellent pressure-resistance to 3 bar
- 4 different sizes, each on 30m rolls or by the meter
- 2″ is only available in 25m rolls
- All measurements are the inside dimeter
All Prices Are Per Meter or 25/30m Rolls
Pond Liner Underlay
Pond Liner Underlay
Our Pond Liner Underlay offers exceptionally high performance and provides a highly protective barrier between substrate and liner . We recommend that our heavy duty underlay is used beneath all our liners, not only to help protect liners from penetration by sharp stones , roots, etc, but also to reduce excessive localised stretching of the liner when ground settlement occurs overtime.
- Heavy Duty Underlay 150g/sqm 2mtrs wide
PVC Imperial Pressure Pipe
PVC Imperial Pressure Pipe
Why use Imperial Pressure Pipe ?
The choice of which type of pipework to use has always been a dilemma.
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- metric Pressure Pipe
- imperial Pressure Pipe
- black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
CURRENTLY WE ARE UNABLE TO PROCESS 3M PIPEWORK ON ORDERS UNDER £100. SORRY FOR ANY INCONVENIENCE THIS MAY CAUSE
Black Waste 90 Degree Bends
Black Waste 90 Degree Bends
Black Waste 90 Degree Bends should be used in conjunction with Black Waste Solvent Weld PVC pipework. These Elbows/Bends are great for joining two sections of pipe at a 45 Degree angle with limited friction loss.
Black Waste pipe and fittings are strong and durable and will provide a permanent connection when secured with Solvent Cement. These items are available in 4 different sizes 110mm,82mm,50mm and 40mm.
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- Metric Pressure Pipe
- Imperial Pressure Pipe
- Black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
Flexible Heavy Duty Hose (Solvent Weld)
Flexible Heavy Duty Hose
- Easy to lay out thanks to the flexible, UV-resistant material
- Excellent pressure-resistance to 6 bar
- Glues into fittings
Flexible Stop End Caps
Flexible Stop End Caps
Flexible Stop End Caps are used by professionals nationwide. These high quality Flexible End Caps offer a quick, easy way to cap pipe ends, cleanouts and open test pipes. Made of flexible polyvinyl chloride, they’re suitable for above ground or underground use on cast iron, steel, copper or plastic piping. Flexible Stop End Caps are designed to fit all drain, waste, and vent pipe materials in a given nominal size. The convex face allows the cap to withstand greater pressure for testing purposes and minimizes ballooning. Flexible Stop End Caps have earned a reputation for consistent, superior performance and you can have full confidence in their quality and reliability.
4″ Flexible Stop End Cap
- External diameter 120mm
- Internal diameter 112mm
- Overall length 40mm
3″ Flexible Stop End Cap
- External diameter 95mm
- Internal diameter 86mm
- Overall length 35mm
2″ Flexible Stop End Cap
- External diameter 70mm
- Internal diameter 60mm
- Overall length 37mm
1.5″ Flexible Stop End Cap
- External diameter 60mm
- Internal diameter 48mm
- Overall length 37mm
Benefits:
- Fast and easy installation.
- Permanent or temporary.
- Underground or above.
- Reusable
Flexible Adaptors
Flexible Adaptors
These flexible adaptors are used by professionals nationwide. These high quality pipe adaptors are made of tough elastomeric polyvinyl chloride which makes them strong, resilient and unaffected by most conditions. They are also resistant to chemicals, ultraviolet rays, and fungus growth due to the specially formulated properties of the material.
These flexible pipe adaptors are supplied with 300 series stainless steel clamps, which are corrosion resistant and rustproof. Additional band slots have been added for greater flexibility and the clamps are specially designed for greater sealing efficiency. These couplings adapt to different types of pipe; plastic, copper, steel or lead to cast iron, plastic, copper, steel or lead. Installs easily with a screwdriver, nut driver, or socket wrench. No special tools needed! These flexible pipe adaptors have earned a reputation for consistent, superior performance and you can have full confidence in their quality and reliability.
6″- 4″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 185mm – 130mm
- Internal diameter 170mm – 115mm
- Overall length 150mm
4″ – 3″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 130mm – 100mm
- Internal diameter 115mm – 87mm
- Overall length 100mm
4″ – 2″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 130mm – 73mm
- Internal diameter 115mm – 60mm
- Overall length 100mm
4″ – 1.5″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 130mm – 60mm
- Internal diameter 115mm – 48mm
- Overall length 105mm
3″ – 2″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 100mm – 70mm
- Internal diameter 87mm – 60mm
- Overall length 100mm
2″ – 1.5″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 70mm – 60mm
- Internal diameter 60mm – 48mm
- Overall length 85mm
1.5″ – 1.25″ Flexible Adaptor
- External diameter 60mm – 50mm
- Internal diameter 48mm – 40mm
- Overall length 85mm
Benefits:
- For sewer, drain, waste, and vent piping.
- Positively seals any drain connection.
- Rustproof stainless steel clamps.
- Quick and simple connection.
Pipe Clips
Pipe Clips
Pressure Pipe Clips should be used in conjunction with PVC Pressure Pipework. Theses purpose designed Pipe Clamps are used to fix imperial pressure pipe into place. Simply attach them using a screw and suitable fixings (not supplied) to a hard surface such as a brick wall or timber baton to secure the pipe in place and prevent it from moving or vibrating. These items are available in 5 different sizes 4″,3″, 2″,1.5″and 1″.
4″ Pressure Pipe Clip
- Overall Height 155mm
- Overall Width 140mm
- Floor to Bottom of Clip 42mm
3″ Pressure Pipe Clip
- Overall length 145mm
- Overall Width 105mm
- Floor to Bottom of Clip 42mm
2″ Pressure Pipe Clip
- Overall length 100mm
- Overall Width 80mm
- Floor to Bottom of Clip 25mm
1.5″ Pressure Pipe Clip
- Overall length 85mm
- Overall Width 60mm
- Floor to Bottom of Clip 23mm
1″ Pressure Pipe Clip
- Overall length 62mm
- Overall Width 46mm
- Floor to Bottom of Clip 22mm
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- Metric Pressure Pipe
- Imperial Pressure Pipe
- Black waste pipe
se of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
Reducing Bushes Pressure To Waste
Reducing Bushes Pressure To Waste
These Reducing Bushes Pressure To waste are used to convert Imperial Pressure Pipe to Black Waste Solvent Weld Pipe and vice versa. This enables the use of Pressure Pipe Slide Valves, Ball Valves and Pipe Fittings with standard Solvent Weld pipework. Simply glue over the end of the solvent weld pipe before fitting to the appropriate valve or fitting.
Conversion:
- 1.5″ Bush Converts 1.5″ Pressure Pipe – 40mm Solvent Weld Pipe
- 2″ Bush Converts 2″ Pressure Pipe – 50mm Solvent Weld Pipe
- 3″ Bush Converts 3″ Pressure Pipe – 82mm Solvent Weld Pipe
- 4″ Bush Converts 4″ Pressure Pipe – 110mm Solvent Weld Pipe
https://youtu.be/tNX_Jt8FEOU
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- Metric Pressure Pipe
- Imperial Pressure Pipe
- Black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
PVC Imperial Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
PVC Imperial Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
Pressure Pipe Straight Connectors should be used in conjunction with PVC Pressure Pipework. These Straight Connectors/Joiners are used to join 2 same diameter pieces of PVC Pressure Pipe together. Imperial Pressure Pipework and fittings are strong and durable and will provide a permanent connection when secured with Solvent Cement. These items are available in 5 different sizes 4″, 3″, 2″ ,1.5″ and 1″.
4″ Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
- Overall length 130mm
- Overall Width 135mm
3″ Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
- Overall length 110mm
- Overall Width 105mm
2″ Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
- Overall length 80mm
- Overall Width 73mm
1.5″ Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
- Overall length 65mm
- Overall Width 58mm
1″ Pressure Pipe Straight Joiner
- Overall length 50mm
- Overall Width 40mm
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- Metric Pressure Pipe
- Imperial Pressure Pipe
- Black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
Gold Label Underwater Pond Sealer
Gold label Underwater Pond Sealer
Gold label Underwater Pond Sealer does exactly what the name says, Gold label Underwater Sealer is remarkable and it will seal everything and everything, stainless steel to stainless steel, it will stick steel to plastic, plastic to wood, wood to stone, stone to plastic and what’s more as the name suggests it can be used underwater.
Yes actually underwater, Gold label Underwater Sealer is a truly remarkable product , imagine being able to seal any leak without having to drain the pond and further more Gold label Underwater Sealer is completely safe for the fish or any other pond life.
No longer need you worry about sealing that Pond liner and installing a Bottom Drain use Gold label Underwater Sealer and it will never leak, in fact you would have to break the bottom drain to be able to remove it, repair instantly a cut in the liner below the water level, if you can reach it then you can seal it without any worries whatsoever.
Gold label Underwater Sealer Instructions:
For best results clean all surfaces to be free of grease, algae, etc.
Place Gold label Underwater Sealer directly onto the surface you wish to bond/seal.
For bonding where there is movement (expansion and contraction) of different materials leave a minimum 2mm thickness of bead between surfaces.
Gold label Underwater Sealer for Full cure needs 24 hours, initial tack 2-3 hours, can be painted over up to 4 hours.
Bonds all materials even under water.
- Butyl Rubber
- Vinyl
- Glass
- Ceramic
- Stone
- Concrete
- Wood
Gold label Underwater Pond Sealer is available in black or clear in colour and supplied in a tube ready for application using a skeleton gun.
Gold label Underwater Pond Sealer has a Shelf life 12 months if stored in dry conditions between 10-25°C
Gold label Underwater Pond Sealer is Available in 290ml tubes (Silicone gun required – not included)
Solvent-Weld Pipe
Solvent-Weld Pipe
Why use Solvent-Weld Pipe ?
The choice of which type of pipework to use has always been a dilemma.
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- metric Pressure Pipe
- imperial Pressure Pipe
- black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
CURRENTLY WE ARE UNABLE TO PROCESS 3M PIPEWORK ON ORDERS UNDER £100. SORRY FOR ANY INCONVENIENCE THIS MAY CAUSE
Valterra Slide Valves
Valterra Slide Valves
The Valterra Slide Valves are without doubt one of the finest on the world market. They come complete With the renowned full Stainless Steel Shutter plate.
The Valterra Slide Valves are made out of High Quality PVC and available in 1.5″ – 2″ – 3″ – 4″ pressure and 110mm
One more thing, they were made to last, extremely robust, and worth the extra investment. Manufactured to accommodate pvc pressure pipe these may be modified to fit waste pipe by using the reducing sleeves shown in this section.
These Slide Valves are mainly used for on/off waste valves in filters and to separate the filter from pond, to completely shut off flow when required.
110mm Valterra Slide Valve
- Height 340mm
- Width 170mm
4″ Valterra Slide Valve
- Height 340mm
- Width 170mm
3″ Valterra Slide Valve
- Height 240mm
- Width 110mm
2″ Valterra Slide Valve
- Height 195mm
- Width 85mm
1.5″ Valterra Slide Valve
- Height 170mm
- Width 75mm
https://youtu.be/pjg-VvLdzN8
Stepped Hose Tail
Stepped Hose Tails
Available in Black or Clear
Fits into a 40mm black waste socket
will take 1.5″ – 1.25″ – 1″ – 3/4″ Flexi pipe
The choice of which type of pipework to use has always been a dilemma.
At Cotswold Koi we understand The importance of pipe work, mistakes made in pipework are one of the most common we come across and can be very costly and hard to change at a later date.
There are three main types of pipe work used on koi ponds:
- Metric Pressure Pipe
- Imperial Pressure Pipe
- Black waste pipe
The use of anything other than pressure pipe and fittings for both gravity and pressure lines is risky, the last thing you want is your bottom drain line leaking after all your hard work building your pond and is only a cost saving exercise, The added security and peace of mind that Pressure Pipe brings is well worth the extra cost. Unfortunately the use of pressure pipe and fittings in the past has simply been too expensive for the majority of Koi keepers, despite it being the preferred choice. here at Cotswold Koi we are looking to bring you a full range of pipe fittings for every occasion.
we are happy to provide assistance, should you need it, please Contact Us if you need assistance in choosing the right pipe work for your project.
Impermax Aqua Liquid Pond Paint
Impermax Aqua Liquid Pond Paint
Impermax Aqua is an ideal liquid rubber pond liner suitable for a host of situations and surfaces that is simply painted on.
The product is based on polyurethane (drinking water approved according to EEC directive 98/83/CE) and provides a smooth, seamless membrane.
The finished membrane is constructed in various layers with the resulting liner being in excess of 1.4-1.9mm thick almost twice the thickness of conventional sheet liners and with the similar finish to fibreglass.
As Impermax Aqua is a liquid pond liner, it is painted on and will be as durable as conventional pond liners once cured, being highly elastic and able to withstand expansion, contraction or slight movement in the support structure without compromise to its integrity.
Impermax Aqua liquid pond liner is the new era of pond lining, its easy to apply with brush or roller gives a seamless finish, applied in 2 coats to achieve maximum strength and durability, available in a series of colours
Impermax Aqua Liquid rubber is a new single component, high performance waterproofing material, based on Polyurethane, certified according to EEC Directive 98/83/CE, and which can be in direct contact with drinking water for human consumption.
It can be easily applied on different kinds of surfaces used in hydraulic infrastructures such as concrete, mortar, ceramics, fibreglass reinforced polyester, etc.
Curing time: 4-6 hours in the summer, 12-24 hours. Apply at least 3 to 4 layers to obtain a membrane thickness of 1,5 to 1,9 mm (2 kilo per m²). It is recommended to use Humidity Primer in most situations.
Economic and easy to apply, it delivers a jointless continuous membrane which totally adapts to the surfaces to be protected.
Extreme mechanical and chemical properties.
Certified according to EEC Directive 98/83/CE, so it can be in direct contact with drinking water for human consumption.
This membrane can easily be applied in spots which are difficult to access with other systems.
It is easy to obtain uniform thicknesses combining the product with geomax and our thixotropy agent, even in extremely steep or even vertical areas
Impermax Aqua can be applied even in cases of low temperatures and high relative humidities, obtaining very short cure times in combination with our PUR CAT additive.
Product does not require any blends or special primers (it is a one component product).
2kg covers 1m2
For Vertical sides add thixotropy
Impermax Aqua Application Guidelines
Product must be applied in quantities ranging 1.5 up to 2 kg/m2, resulting in a membrane thickness of 1.4 to 1.9 mm.
Ideally, it must be applied in 2 separate coats, best in different colours (assuring enough quantity is applied in each layer).
It is important to mix the product well before its application with an electric mixer, at low rpm (avoiding that too much air enters the resin). It is also necessary to let the product rest for a few minutes so that air bubbles disappear.
It is recommended to use Humidity Primer ( 200g per square meter) in most situations. Impermax can be applied even in cases of low temperatures (< 5ºC) and high relative humidity’s, obtaining very short cure times in combination with our PUR Cat additive.
Flexible 90 Elbows
Flexible Elbows
These Flexible Elbows are used by professionals nationwide. These high quality flexible couplings let you connect all common household drain, waste, and vent pipes quickly and easily without using special tools or fittings. They’re the ideal replacement for fittings cut out at the joint during alteration or repair. These connectors are easily installed by tightening the 300 series stainless clamps. Made from flexible polyvinyl chloride these connectors fit cast iron, steel, plastic, cooper and lead. These Flexible Elbows have earned a reputation for consistent, superior performance and you can have full confidence in their quality and reliability.
4″ Flexible Elbow
- External diameter 130mm
- Internal diameter 115mm
- Overall length 210mm
3″ Flexible Elbow
- External diameter 100mm
- Internal diameter 87mm
- Overall length 200mm
2″ Flexible Elbow
- External diameter 70mm
- Internal diameter 60mm
- Overall length 135mm
1.5″ Flexible Elbow
- External diameter 60mm
- Internal diameter 48mm
- Overall length 115mm
Benefits:
- Exceptionally flexible and extra long.
- Ideal for limited space connections.
- Rustproof stainless steel clamps.
- Quick and simple connection.