Why Is A Pond Called An Ecosystem?

A pond consists of both living organisms, including aquatic plants, fish, and microorganisms, and non-living components such as water, air, and sunlight. Fish depend on the oxygen dissolved in the water for their survival and also consume the aquatic plants. Meanwhile, microorganisms play a crucial role by decomposing organic material, which contributes to the purification of the water. This demonstrates that a pond functions as a self-sustaining ecosystem.